What key factor differentiates stocks from bonds?

The key factor that differentiates stocks from bonds is that stocks represent ownership in a company, while bonds are effectively loans made to the company. When an individual buys stock, they are purchasing a share of the company's equity, which may grant them voting rights and the potential to benefit from the company's profits through appreciation in share value and dividends. In contrast, when someone buys a bond, they are lending money to the company in return for interest payments, and they are typically promised repayment of the principal amount at a specified future date. This fundamental distinction in ownership versus debt defines the nature and characteristics of these two investment vehicles. Stocks generally carry a higher level of risk and potential return, while bonds are often considered lower risk but also come with lower potential returns. This understanding of stocks and bonds is crucial for making informed investment decisions.